This report documents the findings of a study on the different approaches to twinning and the development of an effective implementation framework for future APEC twinning initiatives. It introduces the toolkit that has since been endorsed by the APEC Steering Committee on Economic and Technical Cooperation in August 2008 for use in APEC fora.

• Executive Summary
• Part One - P.A.I.R Framework
• Step 1: Partner
• Step: Approach
• Step 3: Implementation
• Step 4: Review
• Part Two - P.A.I.R. Toolkit
• Appendix 1: Methodology
• Appendix 2: References