This report reviews common corporate governance frameworks, delves into data on privately-held companies in the APEC region, and reviews legal and institutional approaches to protect minority investors. It concludes with suggestions for steps that economies across APEC can take to strengthen the combination of institutions, policies, and practices of APEC economies to protect minority investors. These recommendations can help APEC economies improve their performance on the EODB index, expand the potential pool of capital available for small and medium enterprise growth, better support foreign direct investment, and facilitate more inclusive growth.